[PATCH 1/4] tools: mkeficapsule: add firmwware image signing

Heinrich Schuchardt xypron.glpk at gmx.de
Wed May 12 10:56:41 CEST 2021


On 12.05.21 06:57, AKASHI Takahiro wrote:
> With this enhancement, mkeficapsule will be able to create a capsule
> file with a signature which will be verified later by FMP's SetImage().
>
> We will have to specify addtional command parameters:
>   -monotonic-cout <count> : monotonic count
>   -private-key <private key file> : private key file
>   -certificate <certificate file> : certificate file
> Only when those parameters are given, a signature will be added
> to a capsule file.
>
> Users are expected to maintain the monotonic count for each firmware
> image.
>
> Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi at linaro.org>
> ---
>  tools/Makefile       |   4 +
>  tools/mkeficapsule.c | 324 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
>  2 files changed, 303 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/tools/Makefile b/tools/Makefile
> index d020c55d6644..02eae0286e20 100644
> --- a/tools/Makefile
> +++ b/tools/Makefile
> @@ -231,6 +231,10 @@ hostprogs-$(CONFIG_MIPS) += mips-relocs
>  hostprogs-$(CONFIG_ASN1_COMPILER)	+= asn1_compiler
>  HOSTCFLAGS_asn1_compiler.o = -idirafter $(srctree)/include
>
> +ifneq ($(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE),)
> +HOSTLDLIBS_mkeficapsule += \
> +	$(shell pkg-config --libs libssl libcrypto 2> /dev/null || echo "-lssl -lcrypto")

I don't expect any user wants to install two tool versions in parallel.

The tool should always be able to add a signature.
Adding a signature must be optional.

> +endif
>  mkeficapsule-objs	:= mkeficapsule.o $(LIBFDT_OBJS)
>  hostprogs-$(CONFIG_EFI_HAVE_CAPSULE_SUPPORT) += mkeficapsule
>
> diff --git a/tools/mkeficapsule.c b/tools/mkeficapsule.c
> index de0a62898886..34ff1bdd82eb 100644
> --- a/tools/mkeficapsule.c
> +++ b/tools/mkeficapsule.c
> @@ -18,7 +18,17 @@
>  #include <sys/stat.h>
>  #include <sys/types.h>
>
> -#include "fdt_host.h"
> +#include <linux/kconfig.h>
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)

see above

> +#include <openssl/asn1.h>
> +#include <openssl/bio.h>
> +#include <openssl/evp.h>
> +#include <openssl/err.h>
> +#include <openssl/pem.h>
> +#include <openssl/pkcs7.h>
> +#endif
> +
> +#include <linux/libfdt.h>
>
>  typedef __u8 u8;
>  typedef __u16 u16;
> @@ -46,6 +56,13 @@ efi_guid_t efi_guid_image_type_uboot_fit =
>  		EFI_FIRMWARE_IMAGE_TYPE_UBOOT_FIT_GUID;
>  efi_guid_t efi_guid_image_type_uboot_raw =
>  		EFI_FIRMWARE_IMAGE_TYPE_UBOOT_RAW_GUID;
> +efi_guid_t efi_guid_cert_type_pkcs7 = EFI_CERT_TYPE_PKCS7_GUID;
> +
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)

see above

> +static const char *opts_short = "f:r:i:I:v:D:K:P:C:m:dOh";
> +#else
> +static const char *opts_short = "f:r:i:I:v:D:K:Oh";
> +#endif
>
>  static struct option options[] = {
>  	{"fit", required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
> @@ -54,6 +71,12 @@ static struct option options[] = {
>  	{"instance", required_argument, NULL, 'I'},
>  	{"dtb", required_argument, NULL, 'D'},
>  	{"public key", required_argument, NULL, 'K'},
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)
> +	{"private-key", required_argument, NULL, 'P'},
> +	{"certificate", required_argument, NULL, 'C'},
> +	{"monotonic-count", required_argument, NULL, 'm'},

These options should not be required.

> +	{"dump-sig", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
> +#endif
>  	{"overlay", no_argument, NULL, 'O'},
>  	{"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
>  	{NULL, 0, NULL, 0},
> @@ -70,6 +93,12 @@ static void print_usage(void)
>  	       "\t-I, --instance <instance>   update hardware instance\n"
>  	       "\t-K, --public-key <key file> public key esl file\n"
>  	       "\t-D, --dtb <dtb file>        dtb file\n"
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)

see above

> +	       "\t-P, --private-key <privkey file>  private key file\n"
> +	       "\t-C, --certificate <cert file>     signer's certificate file\n"
> +	       "\t-m, --monotonic-count <count>     monotonic count\n"
> +	       "\t-d, --dump_sig              dump signature (*.p7)\n"
> +#endif
>  	       "\t-O, --overlay               the dtb file is an overlay\n"
>  	       "\t-h, --help                  print a help message\n",
>  	       tool_name);
> @@ -249,12 +278,167 @@ err:
>  	return ret;
>  }
>
> +struct auth_context {
> +	char *key_file;
> +	char *cert_file;
> +	u8 *image_data;
> +	size_t image_size;
> +	struct efi_firmware_image_authentication auth;
> +	u8 *sig_data;
> +	size_t sig_size;
> +};
> +
> +static int dump_sig;
> +
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)

see above

> +static EVP_PKEY *fileio_read_pkey(const char *filename)
> +{
> +	EVP_PKEY *key = NULL;
> +	BIO *bio;
> +
> +	bio = BIO_new_file(filename, "r");
> +	if (!bio)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	key = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(bio, NULL, NULL, NULL);
> +
> +out:
> +	BIO_free_all(bio);
> +	if (!key) {
> +		printf("Can't load key from file '%s'\n", filename);

Please, you use fprintf(stderr,) for error messages.

> +		ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
> +	}
> +
> +	return key;
> +}
> +
> +static X509 *fileio_read_cert(const char *filename)
> +{
> +	X509 *cert = NULL;
> +	BIO *bio;
> +
> +	bio = BIO_new_file(filename, "r");
> +	if (!bio)
> +		goto out;
> +
> +	cert = PEM_read_bio_X509(bio, NULL, NULL, NULL);
> +
> +out:
> +	BIO_free_all(bio);
> +	if (!cert) {
> +		printf("Can't load certificate from file '%s'\n", filename);

fprintf(stderr,)

> +		ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
> +	}
> +
> +	return cert;
> +}
> +
> +static int create_auth_data(struct auth_context *ctx)
> +{
> +	EVP_PKEY *key = NULL;
> +	X509 *cert = NULL;
> +	BIO *data_bio = NULL;
> +	const EVP_MD *md;
> +	PKCS7 *p7;
> +	int flags, ret = -1;
> +
> +	OpenSSL_add_all_digests();
> +	OpenSSL_add_all_ciphers();
> +	ERR_load_crypto_strings();
> +
> +	key = fileio_read_pkey(ctx->key_file);
> +	if (!key)
> +		goto err;
> +	cert = fileio_read_cert(ctx->cert_file);
> +	if (!cert)
> +		goto err;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * create a BIO, containing:
> +	 *  * firmware image
> +	 *  * monotonic count
> +	 * in this order!
> +	 * See EDK2's FmpAuthenticatedHandlerRsa2048Sha256()
> +	 */
> +	data_bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
> +	BIO_write(data_bio, ctx->image_data, ctx->image_size);
> +	BIO_write(data_bio, &ctx->auth.monotonic_count,
> +		  sizeof(ctx->auth.monotonic_count));
> +
> +	md = EVP_get_digestbyname("SHA256");
> +	if (!md)
> +		goto err;
> +
> +	/* create signature */
> +	/* TODO: maybe add PKCS7_NOATTR and PKCS7_NOSMIMECAP */

PKCS7_NOATTR is a value without any documentation in the code.

Please, replace variable names by a long text describing what it missing.

> +	flags = PKCS7_BINARY | PKCS7_DETACHED;

Those constants lack documentation in the code.

> +	p7 = PKCS7_sign(NULL, NULL, NULL, data_bio, flags | PKCS7_PARTIAL);
> +	if (!p7)
> +		goto err;
> +	if (!PKCS7_sign_add_signer(p7, cert, key, md, flags))
> +		goto err;
> +	if (!PKCS7_final(p7, data_bio, flags))
> +		goto err;
> +
> +	/* convert pkcs7 into DER */
> +	ctx->sig_data = NULL;
> +	ctx->sig_size = ASN1_item_i2d((ASN1_VALUE *)p7, &ctx->sig_data,
> +				      ASN1_ITEM_rptr(PKCS7));
> +	if (!ctx->sig_size)
> +		goto err;
> +
> +	/* fill auth_info */
> +	ctx->auth.auth_info.hdr.dwLength = sizeof(ctx->auth.auth_info)
> +						+ ctx->sig_size;
> +	ctx->auth.auth_info.hdr.wRevision = WIN_CERT_REVISION_2_0;
> +	ctx->auth.auth_info.hdr.wCertificateType = WIN_CERT_TYPE_EFI_GUID;
> +	memcpy(&ctx->auth.auth_info.cert_type, &efi_guid_cert_type_pkcs7,
> +	       sizeof(efi_guid_cert_type_pkcs7));
> +
> +	ret = 0;
> +err:
> +	BIO_free_all(data_bio);
> +	EVP_PKEY_free(key);
> +	X509_free(cert);
> +
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static int dump_signature(const char *path, u8 *signature, size_t sig_size)
> +{
> +	char *sig_path;
> +	FILE *f;
> +	size_t size;
> +	int ret = -1;
> +
> +	sig_path = malloc(strlen(path) + 3 + 1);
> +	if (!sig_path)
> +		return ret;
> +
> +	sprintf(sig_path, "%s.p7", path);
> +	f = fopen(sig_path, "w");
> +	if (!f)
> +		goto err;
> +
> +	size = fwrite(signature, 1, sig_size, f);
> +	if (size == sig_size)
> +		ret = 0;
> +
> +	fclose(f);
> +err:
> +	free(sig_path);
> +	return ret;
> +}
> +#endif
> +
>  static int create_fwbin(char *path, char *bin, efi_guid_t *guid,
> -			unsigned long index, unsigned long instance)
> +			unsigned long index, unsigned long instance,
> +			uint64_t mcount, char *privkey_file, char *cert_file)
>  {
>  	struct efi_capsule_header header;
>  	struct efi_firmware_management_capsule_header capsule;
>  	struct efi_firmware_management_capsule_image_header image;
> +	struct auth_context auth_context;
>  	FILE *f, *g;
>  	struct stat bin_stat;
>  	u8 *data;
> @@ -266,6 +450,7 @@ static int create_fwbin(char *path, char *bin, efi_guid_t *guid,
>  	printf("\tbin: %s\n\ttype: %pUl\n", bin, guid);
>  	printf("\tindex: %ld\n\tinstance: %ld\n", index, instance);
>  #endif
> +	auth_context.sig_size = 0;
>
>  	g = fopen(bin, "r");
>  	if (!g) {
> @@ -281,11 +466,36 @@ static int create_fwbin(char *path, char *bin, efi_guid_t *guid,
>  		printf("cannot allocate memory: %zx\n", (size_t)bin_stat.st_size);
>  		goto err_1;
>  	}
> -	f = fopen(path, "w");
> -	if (!f) {
> -		printf("cannot open %s\n", path);
> +
> +	size = fread(data, 1, bin_stat.st_size, g);
> +	if (size < bin_stat.st_size) {
> +		printf("read failed (%zx)\n", size);
>  		goto err_2;
>  	}
> +
> +	/* first, calculate signature to determine its size */
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)

see above

> +	if (privkey_file && cert_file) {
> +		auth_context.key_file = privkey_file;
> +		auth_context.cert_file = cert_file;
> +		auth_context.auth.monotonic_count = mcount;
> +		auth_context.image_data = data;
> +		auth_context.image_size = bin_stat.st_size;
> +
> +		if (create_auth_data(&auth_context)) {
> +			printf("Signing firmware image failed\n");
> +			goto err_3;
> +		}
> +
> +		if (dump_sig &&
> +		    dump_signature(path, auth_context.sig_data,
> +				   auth_context.sig_size)) {
> +			printf("Creating signature file failed\n");
> +			goto err_3;
> +		}
> +	}
> +#endif
> +
>  	header.capsule_guid = efi_guid_fm_capsule;
>  	header.header_size = sizeof(header);
>  	/* TODO: The current implementation ignores flags */
> @@ -294,11 +504,20 @@ static int create_fwbin(char *path, char *bin, efi_guid_t *guid,
>  					+ sizeof(capsule) + sizeof(u64)
>  					+ sizeof(image)
>  					+ bin_stat.st_size;
> +	if (auth_context.sig_size)
> +		header.capsule_image_size += sizeof(auth_context.auth)
> +				+ auth_context.sig_size;
> +
> +	f = fopen(path, "w");
> +	if (!f) {
> +		printf("cannot open %s\n", path);
> +		goto err_3;
> +	}
>
>  	size = fwrite(&header, 1, sizeof(header), f);
>  	if (size < sizeof(header)) {
>  		printf("write failed (%zx)\n", size);
> -		goto err_3;
> +		goto err_4;
>  	}
>
>  	capsule.version = 0x00000001;
> @@ -307,13 +526,13 @@ static int create_fwbin(char *path, char *bin, efi_guid_t *guid,
>  	size = fwrite(&capsule, 1, sizeof(capsule), f);
>  	if (size < (sizeof(capsule))) {
>  		printf("write failed (%zx)\n", size);
> -		goto err_3;
> +		goto err_4;
>  	}
>  	offset = sizeof(capsule) + sizeof(u64);
>  	size = fwrite(&offset, 1, sizeof(offset), f);
>  	if (size < sizeof(offset)) {
>  		printf("write failed (%zx)\n", size);
> -		goto err_3;
> +		goto err_4;
>  	}
>
>  	image.version = 0x00000003;
> @@ -323,34 +542,61 @@ static int create_fwbin(char *path, char *bin, efi_guid_t *guid,
>  	image.reserved[1] = 0;
>  	image.reserved[2] = 0;
>  	image.update_image_size = bin_stat.st_size;
> +	if (auth_context.sig_size)
> +		image.update_image_size += sizeof(auth_context.auth)
> +				+ auth_context.sig_size;
>  	image.update_vendor_code_size = 0; /* none */
>  	image.update_hardware_instance = instance;
>  	image.image_capsule_support = 0;
> +	if (auth_context.sig_size)
> +		image.image_capsule_support |= CAPSULE_SUPPORT_AUTHENTICATION;
>
>  	size = fwrite(&image, 1, sizeof(image), f);
>  	if (size < sizeof(image)) {
>  		printf("write failed (%zx)\n", size);
> -		goto err_3;
> +		goto err_4;
>  	}
> -	size = fread(data, 1, bin_stat.st_size, g);
> -	if (size < bin_stat.st_size) {
> -		printf("read failed (%zx)\n", size);
> -		goto err_3;
> +
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)

We don't want to use #if if avoidable.

> +	if (auth_context.sig_size) {
> +		size = fwrite(&auth_context.auth, 1,
> +			      sizeof(auth_context.auth), f);
> +		if (size < sizeof(auth_context.auth)) {
> +			printf("write failed (%zx)\n", size);
> +			goto err_4;
> +		}
> +		size = fwrite(auth_context.sig_data, 1,
> +			      auth_context.sig_size, f);
> +		if (size < auth_context.sig_size) {
> +			printf("write failed (%zx)\n", size);
> +			goto err_4;
> +		}
>  	}
> +#endif
> +
>  	size = fwrite(data, 1, bin_stat.st_size, f);
>  	if (size < bin_stat.st_size) {
>  		printf("write failed (%zx)\n", size);
> -		goto err_3;
> +		goto err_4;
>  	}
>
>  	fclose(f);
>  	fclose(g);
>  	free(data);
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)
> +	if (auth_context.sig_size)
> +		OPENSSL_free(auth_context.sig_data);
> +#endif
>
>  	return 0;
>
> -err_3:
> +err_4:
>  	fclose(f);
> +err_3:
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)
> +	if (auth_context.sig_size)
> +		OPENSSL_free(auth_context.sig_data);
> +#endif
>  err_2:
>  	free(data);
>  err_1:
> @@ -359,10 +605,6 @@ err_1:
>  	return -1;
>  }
>
> -/*
> - * Usage:
> - *   $ mkeficapsule -f <firmware binary> <output file>
> - */
>  int main(int argc, char **argv)
>  {
>  	char *file;
> @@ -370,6 +612,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>  	char *dtb_file;
>  	efi_guid_t *guid;
>  	unsigned long index, instance;
> +	uint64_t mcount;
> +	char *privkey_file, *cert_file;
>  	int c, idx;
>  	int ret;
>  	bool overlay = false;
> @@ -380,8 +624,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>  	guid = NULL;
>  	index = 0;
>  	instance = 0;
> +	mcount = 0;
> +	privkey_file = NULL;
> +	cert_file = NULL;
> +	dump_sig = 0;
>  	for (;;) {
> -		c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "f:r:i:I:v:D:K:Oh", options, &idx);
> +		c = getopt_long(argc, argv, opts_short, options, &idx);
>  		if (c == -1)
>  			break;
>
> @@ -422,6 +670,28 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>  			}
>  			dtb_file = optarg;
>  			break;
> +#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_AUTHENTICATE)

see above

Best regards

Heinrich

> +		case 'P':
> +			if (privkey_file) {
> +				printf("Private Key already specified\n");
> +				return -1;
> +			}
> +			privkey_file = optarg;
> +			break;
> +		case 'C':
> +			if (cert_file) {
> +				printf("Certificate file already specified\n");
> +				return -1;
> +			}
> +			cert_file = optarg;
> +			break;
> +		case 'm':
> +			mcount = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
> +			break;
> +		case 'd':
> +			dump_sig = 1;
> +			break;
> +#endif
>  		case 'O':
>  			overlay = true;
>  			break;
> @@ -431,8 +701,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>  		}
>  	}
>
> -	/* need a fit image file or raw image file */
> -	if (!file && !pkey_file && !dtb_file) {
> +	/* check necessary parameters */
> +	if ((file && (!(optind < argc) ||
> +		      (privkey_file && !cert_file) ||
> +		      (!privkey_file && cert_file))) ||
> +	    ((pkey_file && !dtb_file) ||
> +	     (!pkey_file && dtb_file))) {
>  		print_usage();
>  		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>  	}
> @@ -442,12 +716,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
>  		if (ret == -1) {
>  			printf("Adding public key to the dtb failed\n");
>  			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> -		} else {
> -			exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
>  		}
>  	}
>
> -	if (create_fwbin(argv[optind], file, guid, index, instance)
> +	if (optind < argc &&
> +	    create_fwbin(argv[optind], file, guid, index, instance,
> +			 mcount, privkey_file, cert_file)
>  			< 0) {
>  		printf("Creating firmware capsule failed\n");
>  		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
>



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