[PATCH v14 15/15] FWU: doc: Add documentation for the FWU feature

Sughosh Ganu sughosh.ganu at linaro.org
Tue Oct 18 13:43:37 CEST 2022 

Add documentation for the FWU Multi Bank Update feature. The document
describes the steps needed for setting up the platform for the
feature, as well as steps for enabling the feature on the platform.

Signed-off-by: Sughosh Ganu <sughosh.ganu at linaro.org>
---
Changes since V13: None

 doc/develop/uefi/fwu_updates.rst | 184 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 doc/develop/uefi/index.rst       |   1 +
 doc/develop/uefi/uefi.rst        |  12 ++
 3 files changed, 197 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 doc/develop/uefi/fwu_updates.rst

diff --git a/doc/develop/uefi/fwu_updates.rst b/doc/develop/uefi/fwu_updates.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..068616ce83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/develop/uefi/fwu_updates.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+.. Copyright (c) 2022 Linaro Limited
+
+FWU Multi Bank Updates in U-Boot
+================================
+
+The FWU Multi Bank Update feature implements the firmware update
+mechanism described in the PSA Firmware Update for A-profile Arm
+Architecture specification [1]. Certain aspects of the Dependable
+Boot specification [2] are also implemented. The feature provides a
+mechanism to have multiple banks of updatable firmware images and for
+updating the firmware images on the non-booted bank. On a successful
+update, the platform boots from the updated bank on subsequent
+boot. The UEFI capsule-on-disk update feature is used for performing
+the actual updates of the updatable firmware images.
+
+The bookkeeping of the updatable images is done through a structure
+called metadata. Currently, the FWU metadata supports identification
+of images based on image GUIDs stored on a GPT partitioned storage
+media. There are plans to extend the metadata structure for non GPT
+partitioned devices as well.
+
+Accessing the FWU metadata is done through generic API's which are
+defined in a driver which complies with the U-Boot's driver model. A
+new uclass UCLASS_FWU_MDATA has been added for accessing the FWU
+metadata. Individual drivers can be added based on the type of storage
+media, and its partitioning method. Details of the storage device
+containing the FWU metadata partitions are specified through a U-Boot
+specific device tree property `fwu-mdata-store`. Please refer to
+U-Boot `doc <doc/device-tree-bindings/firmware/fwu-mdata-gpt.yaml>`__
+for the device tree bindings.
+
+Enabling the FWU Multi Bank Update feature
+------------------------------------------
+
+The feature can be enabled by specifying the following configs::
+
+    CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_ON_DISK=y
+    CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_FIRMWARE_MANAGEMENT=y
+    CONFIG_EFI_CAPSULE_FIRMWARE_RAW=y
+
+    CONFIG_FWU_MULTI_BANK_UPDATE=y
+    CONFIG_FWU_MDATA=y
+    CONFIG_FWU_MDATA_GPT_BLK=y
+    CONFIG_FWU_NUM_BANKS=<val>
+    CONFIG_FWU_NUM_IMAGES_PER_BANK=<val>
+
+in the .config file
+
+By enabling the CONFIG_CMD_FWU_METADATA config option, the
+fwu_mdata_read command can be used to check the current state of the
+FWU metadata structure.
+
+The first group of configuration settings enable the UEFI
+capsule-on-disk update functionality. The second group of configs
+enable the FWU Multi Bank Update functionality. Please refer to the
+section :ref:`uefi_capsule_update_ref` for more details on generation
+of the UEFI capsule.
+
+Setting up the device for GPT partitioned storage
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+Before enabling the functionality in U-Boot, a GPT partitioned storage
+device is required. Assuming a GPT partitioned storage device, the
+storage media needs to be partitioned with the correct number of
+partitions, given the number of banks and number of images per bank
+that the platform is going to support. Each updatable firmware image
+will be stored on a separate partition. In addition, the two copies
+of the FWU metadata will be stored on two separate partitions. These
+partitions need to be created at the time of the platform's
+provisioning.
+
+As an example, a platform supporting two banks with each bank
+containing three images would need to have 2 * 3 = 6 partitions plus
+the two metadata partitions, or 8 partitions. In addition the storage
+media can have additional partitions of non-updatable images, like the
+EFI System Partition(ESP), a partition for the root file system
+etc. An example list of images on the storage medium would be
+
+* FWU metadata 1
+* U-Boot 1
+* OP-TEE 1
+* FWU metadata 2
+* OP-TEE 2
+* U-Boot 2
+* ESP
+* rootfs
+
+When generating the partitions, a few aspects need to be taken care
+of. Each GPT partition entry in the GPT header has two GUIDs::
+
+* PartitionTypeGUID
+* UniquePartitionGUID
+
+The PartitionTypeGUID value should correspond to the
+``image_type_uuid`` field of the FWU metadata. This field is used to
+identify a given type of updatable firmware image, e.g. U-Boot,
+OP-TEE, FIP etc. This GUID should also be used for specifying the
+`--guid` parameter when generating the capsule.
+
+The UniquePartitionGUID value should correspond to the ``image_uuid``
+field in the FWU metadata. This GUID is used to identify images of a
+given image type in different banks.
+
+The FWU specification defines the GUID value to be used for the
+metadata partitions. This would be the PartitionTypeGUID for the
+metadata partitions. Similarly, the UEFI specification defines the ESP
+GUID to be be used.
+
+When generating the metadata, the ``image_type_uuid`` and the
+``image_uuid`` values should match the *PartitionTypeGUID* and the
+*UniquePartitionGUID* values respectively.
+
+Performing the Update
+---------------------
+
+Once the storage media has been partitioned and populated with the
+metadata partitions, the UEFI capsule-on-disk update functionality can
+be used for performing the update. Refer to the section
+:ref:`uefi_capsule_update_ref` for details on how the update can be
+invoked.
+
+On a successful update, the FWU metadata gets updated to reflect the
+bank from which the platform would be booting on subsequent boot.
+
+Based on the value of bit15 of the Flags member of the capsule header,
+the updated images would either be accepted by the U-Boot's UEFI
+implementation, or by the Operating System. If the Operating System is
+accepting the firmware images, it does so by generating an empty
+*accept* capsule. The Operating System can also reject the updated
+firmware by generating a *revert* capsule. The empty capsule can be
+applied by using the exact same procedure used for performing the
+capsule-on-disk update.
+
+The task of accepting the different firmware images, post an update
+may be done by multiple, separate components in the Operating
+System. To help identify the firmware image that is being accepted,
+the accept capsule passes the image GUID of the firmware image being
+accepted. The relevant code in U-Boot then sets the Accept bit of the
+corresponding firmware image for which the accept capsule was
+found. Only when all the firmware components in a bank have been
+accepted does the platform transition from trial state to regular
+state.
+
+The revert capsule on the other hand does not pass any image GUID,
+since reverting any image of the bank has the same result of the
+platform booting from the other bank on subsequent boot.
+
+In the scenario that bit15 of the Flags member of the capsule header
+has not been set, the images being updated are accepted by the
+U-Boot's UEFI firmware implementation by default, on successful
+updation of the image.
+
+Generating an empty capsule
+---------------------------
+
+The empty capsule can be generated using the mkeficapsule utility. To
+build the tool, enable::
+
+    CONFIG_TOOLS_MKEFICAPSULE=y
+
+Run the following commands to generate the accept/revert capsules::
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ ./tools/mkeficapsule \
+      [--fw-accept --guid <image guid>] | \
+      [--fw-revert] \
+      <capsule_file_name>
+
+Some examples of using the mkeficapsule tool for generation of the
+empty capsule would be::
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    $ ./tools/mkeficapsule --fw-accept --guid <image guid> \
+    <accept_capsule_name>
+    $ ./tools/mkeficapsule --fw-revert <revert_capsule_name>
+
+Links
+-----
+
+* [1] https://developer.arm.com/documentation/den0118/a/ - FWU Specification
+* [2] https://git.codelinaro.org/linaro/dependable-boot/mbfw/uploads/6f7ddfe3be24e18d4319e108a758d02e/mbfw.pdf - Dependable Boot Specification
diff --git a/doc/develop/uefi/index.rst b/doc/develop/uefi/index.rst
index 7e65dbc5d5..e26b1fbe05 100644
--- a/doc/develop/uefi/index.rst
+++ b/doc/develop/uefi/index.rst
@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ can be run an UEFI payload.
    uefi.rst
    u-boot_on_efi.rst
    iscsi.rst
+   fwu_updates.rst
diff --git a/doc/develop/uefi/uefi.rst b/doc/develop/uefi/uefi.rst
index cd84706953..e0835beba4 100644
--- a/doc/develop/uefi/uefi.rst
+++ b/doc/develop/uefi/uefi.rst
@@ -277,6 +277,8 @@ Enable ``CONFIG_OPTEE``, ``CONFIG_CMD_OPTEE_RPMB`` and ``CONFIG_EFI_MM_COMM_TEE`
 
 [1] https://optee.readthedocs.io/en/latest/building/efi_vars/stmm.html
 
+.. _uefi_capsule_update_ref:
+
 Enabling UEFI Capsule Update feature
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -377,6 +379,16 @@ following command::
 
     dfu list
 
+When the FWU Multi Bank Update feature is enabled on the platform, the
+image index is used only to identify the image index with the image
+GUID. The image index would not correspond to the dfu alt number. This
+is because the FWU feature supports multiple partitions(banks) of
+updatable images, and the actual dfu alt number to which the image is
+to be written to is determined at runtime, based on the value of the
+update bank to which the image is to be written. For more information
+on the FWU Multi Bank Update feature, please refer `doc
+<doc/develop/uefi/fwu_updates.rst>`__.
+
 When using the FMP for FIT images, the image index value needs to be
 set to 1.
 
-- 
2.34.1

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