[PATCH v2 1/1] doc: describe TPL/VPL/SPL boot
Heinrich Schuchardt
heinrich.schuchardt at canonical.com
Wed Aug 23 23:49:55 CEST 2023
This is a stub describing how TPL, VPL, and SPL load the next boot stages
on a detail level for users.
For sure we will need a few patches on top to catch the whole complexity.
Signed-off-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <heinrich.schuchardt at canonical.com>
---
v2:
Mention that PowerPC uses a different naming convention.
Group boot devices by type
Correct reference to UBI
Fix typos
---
doc/usage/index.rst | 1 +
doc/usage/spl_boot.rst | 321 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 322 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 doc/usage/spl_boot.rst
diff --git a/doc/usage/index.rst b/doc/usage/index.rst
index 072db53614..7f0b26cc5a 100644
--- a/doc/usage/index.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/index.rst
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Use U-Boot
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
+ spl_boot
blkmap
dfu
environment
diff --git a/doc/usage/spl_boot.rst b/doc/usage/spl_boot.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7234d0b1b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/usage/spl_boot.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+Booting from TPL/SPL
+====================
+
+The main U-Boot binary may be too large to be loaded directly by the Boot ROM.
+This was the own driver for splitting up U-Boot into multiple boot stages.
+
+U-Boot typically goes through the following boot phases where TPL, VPL, and SPL
+are optional. While many boards use SPL only few use TPL.
+
+TPL
+ Tiny program loader. Very early init, as tiny as possible. This loads SPL
+ (or VPL if enabled).
+
+VPL
+ Optional verification step, which can select one of several SPL binaries,
+ if A/B verified boot is enabled. Implementation of the VPL logic is
+ work-in-progress. For now it just boots into SPL.
+
+SPL
+ Secondary program loader. Sets up SDRAM and loads U-Boot proper. It may also
+ load other firmware components.
+
+U-Boot
+ U-Boot proper, containing the command line and the logic to load an
+ operating system, e.g. via UEFI.
+
+The naming convention on the PowerPC architecture deviates from the other
+archtitectures. Here the boot sequence is SPL->TPL->U-Boot.
+
+Only main U-Boot has a command line interface.
+
+Further usages for U-Boot SPL comprise:
+
+* launching BL31 of ARM Trusted Firmware which invokes U-Boot as BL33
+* launching EDK II
+* launching Linux
+* launching RISC-V OpenSBI which invokes main U-Boot
+
+Target binaries
+---------------
+
+Binaries loaded by SPL/TPL can be:
+
+* raw binaries where the entry address equals the start address. This is the
+ only binary format supported by TPL.
+* :doc:`FIT <fit/index>` images
+* legacy U-Boot images
+
+Configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Raw images are only supported in SPL if CONFIG_SPL_RAW_IMAGE_SUPPORT=y.
+
+CONFIG_SPL_FIT=y and CONFIG_SPL_LOAD_FIT=y are needed to load FIT images.
+
+CONFIG_SPL_LEGACY_IMAGE_FORMAT=y is needed to load legacy U-Boot images.
+CONFIG_SPL_LEGACY_IMAGE_CRC_CHECK=y enables checking the CRC32 of legacy U-Boot
+images.
+
+Image load methods
+------------------
+
+The image boot methods available for a board must be defined in two places:
+
+The board code implements a function board_boot_order() enumerating up to
+five boot methods and the sequence in which they are tried. (The maximum
+number of boot methods is currently hard coded as variable spl_boot_list[]).
+If there is only one boot method function, spl_boot_device() may be implemented
+instead.
+
+The configuration controls which of these boot methods are actually available.
+
+Loading from block devices
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+MMC1, MMC2, MMC2_2
+ These methods read an image from SD card or eMMC. The first digit after
+ 'MMC' indicates the device number. Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_MMC=y or CONFIG_TPL_MMC=y
+
+ To use a PCI connected MMC controller you need to additionally specify:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_PCI=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_PCI_PNP=y
+
+ * CONFIG_MMC=y
+
+ * CONFIG_MMC_PCI=y
+
+ * CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI=y
+
+ To load from a file system use:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_FAT=y or CONFIG_SPL_FS_EXT=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_PAYLOAD_NAME="<filepath>"
+
+NVMe
+ This methods load the image from an NVMe drive.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_PCI=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_PCI_PNP=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_NVME=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_NVME_PCI=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_NVME_BOOT_DEVICE (number of the NVMe device)
+
+ * CONFIG_SYS_NVME_BOOT_PARTITION (partition to read from)
+
+ To load from a file system use:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_FAT=y or CONFIG_SPL_FS_EXT=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_PAYLOAD_NAME="<filepath>"
+
+SATA
+ This method reads an image from a SATA drive.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_SATA=y or CONFIG_TPL_SATA=y
+
+ To use a PCIe connecte SATA controller you additionally need:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_PCI=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_SATA=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_AHCI_PCI=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_PCI_PNP=y
+
+ To load from a file system use:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_FAT=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SYS_SATA_FAT_BOOT_PARTITION=<partition number>
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_PAYLOAD_NAME="<filepath>"
+
+USB
+ The USB method loads an image from a USB block device.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_USB_HOST=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_USB_STORAGE=y
+
+ To use a PCI connected USB 3.0 controller you additionally need:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_FAT=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_PCI=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_PCI_PNP=y
+
+ * CONFIG_USB=y
+
+ * CONFIG_USB_XHCI_HCD=y
+
+ * CONFIG_USB_XHCI_PCI=y
+
+ To load from a file system use:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_FAT=y or CONFIG_SPL_FS_EXT=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SYS_USB_FAT_BOOT_PARTITION=<partition number>
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_PAYLOAD_NAME="<filepath>"
+
+Loading from flash devices
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+NAND
+ This method loads the image from NAND flash. To read from raw NAND the
+ following configuration settings are required:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SUPPORT=y or CONFIG_TPL_NAND_SUPPORT=y
+
+ If CONFIG_SPL_NAND_RAW_ONLY=y only raw images can be loaded.
+
+ For using UBI (Unsorted Block Images) volumes to read from NAND the
+ following configuration settings are required:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_UBI=y or CONFIG_TPL_UBI=y
+
+ The UBI volume to read can either be specified
+
+ * by name using CONFIG_SPL_UBI_LOAD_BY_VOLNAME or
+
+ * by number using CONFIG_SPL_UBI_LOAD_MONITOR_ID.
+
+NOR
+ This method loads the image from NOR flash.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_NOR_SUPPORT=y or CONFIG_TPL_NOR_SUPPORT=y
+
+OneNAND
+ This methods loads the image from a OneNAND device. To read from raw OneNAND
+ the following configuration settings are required:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_ONENAND_SUPPORT=y or CONFIG_TPL_ONENAND_SUPPORT=y
+
+ For using the Ubi file system to read from NAND the following configuration
+ settings are required:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_UBI=y or CONFIG_TPL_UBI=y
+
+SPI
+ This method loads an image form SPI NOR flash.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_DM_SPI=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_SPI_FLASH=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPI_LOAD=y or CONFIG_TPL_SPI_LOAD=y
+
+
+Sunxi SPI
+ This method which is specific to Allwinner SoCs loads an image form SPI NOR
+ flash. Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_SPI_SUNXI=y
+
+Loading from other devices
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+BOOTROM
+ The binary is loaded by the boot ROM.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_BOOTROM_SUPPORT=y or CONFIG_TPL_BOOTROM_SUPPORT=y
+
+DFU
+ :doc:`Device Firmware Upgrade <dfu>` is used to load the binary into RAM.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_DFU=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_RAM_SUPPORT=y or CONFIG TPL_RAM_SUPPORT=y
+
+Ethernet
+ This method loads an image over Ethernet. The BOOTP protocol is used to find
+ a TFTP server and binary name. The binary is downloaded via the TFTP
+ protocol. Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_NET=y or CONFIG_TPL_NET=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_ETH_DEVICE=y or CONFIG_DM_USB_GADGET=y
+
+FEL
+ This method does not actually load an image for U-Boot.
+ FEL is a routine contained in the boot ROM of Allwinner SoCs which serves
+ for the initial programming or recovery via USB
+
+RAM
+ This method uses an image preloaded into RAM.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_RAM_SUPPORT=y or CONFIG_TPL_RAM_SUPPORT=y
+
+ * CONFIG_RAM_DEVICE=y
+
+Sandbox file
+ On the sandbox this method loads an image from the host file system.
+
+Sandbox image
+ On the sandbox this method loads an image from the host file system.
+
+SEMIHOSTING
+ When running in an ARM or RISC-V virtual machine the semihosting method can
+ be used to load an image from the host file system.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_SEMIHOSTING=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_SEMIHOSTING_FALLBACK=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_FS_LOAD_PAYLOAD_NAME=<path to file>
+
+UART
+ This method loads an image via the Y-Modem protocol from the UART.
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_YMODEM_SUPPORT=y or CONFIG_TPL_YMODEM_SUPPORT=y
+
+USB SDP
+ This method loads the image using the Serial Download Protocol as
+ implemented by the boot ROM of the i.MX family of SoCs.
+
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_SERIAL=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_USB_SDP_SUPPORT=y or CONFIG_TPL_USB_SDP_SUPPORT
+
+VBE Simple
+ This method is used by the VPL stage to extract the next stage image from
+ the loaded image.
+
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_VPL=y
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_BOOTMETH_VBE_SIMPLE_FW=y or CONFIG_TPL_BOOTMETH_VBE_SIMPLE_FW=y
+
+XIP
+ This method executes an image in place.
+
+ Required configuration settings include:
+
+ * CONFIG_SPL_XIP_SUPPORT
--
2.40.1
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