[PATCH 2/5] mkeficapsule: add support for multiple payloads inside capsule

AKASHI Takahiro takahiro.akashi at linaro.org
Sat Jun 17 02:37:03 CEST 2023


On Fri, Jun 16, 2023 at 03:32:59PM +0200, Schmidt, Malte wrote:
> Hi Sughos,
> 
> one other question. Do you know what the advantage of mkeficapsule tool over
> the EDK2 GenerateCapsule tool is? It seems like reinventing the wheel
> for me.

Simply because I didn't want to have a dependency on EDK2 package
when users use U-Boot as EFI framework.
(In other words, make it self-contained?)

-Takahiro Akashi

> Best Regards
> Malte
> 
> Am 16.06.2023 um 14:59 schrieb Schmidt, Malte:
> > Hi Sughos,
> > 
> > Am 16.06.2023 um 14:32 schrieb Sughosh Ganu:
> > > On Fri, 16 Jun 2023 at 17:56, Sughosh Ganu <sughosh.ganu at linaro.org>
> > > wrote:
> > > > hi Stefan,
> > > > 
> > > > On Fri, 16 Jun 2023 at 17:04, Stefan Herbrechtsmeier
> > > > <stefan.herbrechtsmeier-oss at weidmueller.com> wrote:
> > > > > From: Malte Schmidt <malte.schmidt at weidmueller.com>
> > > > > 
> > > > > The UEFI [1] specification allows multiple payloads inside the capsule
> > > > > body. Add support for this. The command line arguments are kept
> > > > > backwards-compatible.
> > > > > 
> > > > > [1] https://uefi.org/specs/UEFI/2.10/index.html
> > > > I am trying to upstream support for specifying the capsule parameters
> > > > for multiple payloads through a config file [1]. This is on similar
> > > > lines to the support in the Edk2 GenerateCapule tool where multiple
> > > > payloads can be specified through a json file. I think you can base
> > > > your changes on my series.
> > > Btw, with the support being added for getting the capsule parameters
> > > through a config file, I believe your changes would be pretty much
> > > simplified. Instead of passing all those parameters through the
> > > command line, they can instead be read from the config file and used
> > > to generate a single capsule file consisting of multiple payloads.
> > > That would be a much simpler implementation.
> > > 
> > > -sughosh
> > thanks for the heads up. So your opinion is that we only support multiple
> > payloads via config files and not the command line? I think it does not
> > hurt to have both options available.
> > 
> > I plan to rebase my code on yours once it nears the finish line. I still
> > have a suggsetion for it which I will post in a sec.
> > 
> > Best Regards
> > Malte
> > > > -sughosh
> > > > 
> > > > [1] - https://lore.kernel.org/u-boot/20230613103806.812065-1-sughosh.ganu@linaro.org/T/#mc8c0500863bd3a1580c572679370a565f8d7f2c8
> > > > 
> > > > > Signed-off-by: Malte Schmidt <malte.schmidt at weidmueller.com>
> > > > > Signed-off-by: Stefan Herbrechtsmeier
> > > > > <stefan.herbrechtsmeier at weidmueller.com>
> > > > > ---
> > > > > 
> > > > >   tools/eficapsule.h   |   5 -
> > > > >   tools/mkeficapsule.c | 636
> > > > > ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
> > > > >   2 files changed, 475 insertions(+), 166 deletions(-)
> > > > > 
> > > > > diff --git a/tools/eficapsule.h b/tools/eficapsule.h
> > > > > index 753fb73313..001af3217c 100644
> > > > > --- a/tools/eficapsule.h
> > > > > +++ b/tools/eficapsule.h
> > > > > @@ -138,9 +138,4 @@ struct fmp_payload_header {
> > > > >          uint32_t lowest_supported_version;
> > > > >   };
> > > > > 
> > > > > -struct fmp_payload_header_params {
> > > > > -       bool have_header;
> > > > > -       uint32_t fw_version;
> > > > > -};
> > > > > -
> > > > >   #endif /* _EFI_CAPSULE_H */
> > > > > diff --git a/tools/mkeficapsule.c b/tools/mkeficapsule.c
> > > > > index b8db00b16b..1a4de0f092 100644
> > > > > --- a/tools/mkeficapsule.c
> > > > > +++ b/tools/mkeficapsule.c
> > > > > @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static const char *tool_name = "mkeficapsule";
> > > > >   efi_guid_t efi_guid_fm_capsule =
> > > > > EFI_FIRMWARE_MANAGEMENT_CAPSULE_ID_GUID;
> > > > >   efi_guid_t efi_guid_cert_type_pkcs7 = EFI_CERT_TYPE_PKCS7_GUID;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -static const char *opts_short = "g:i:I:v:p:c:m:o:dhAR";
> > > > > +static const char *opts_short = "g:i:b:I:v:p:c:m:o:dhAR";
> > > > > 
> > > > >   enum {
> > > > >          CAPSULE_NORMAL_BLOB = 0,
> > > > > @@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ enum {
> > > > >   static struct option options[] = {
> > > > >          {"guid", required_argument, NULL, 'g'},
> > > > >          {"index", required_argument, NULL, 'i'},
> > > > > +       {"image_blob", required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
> > > > >          {"instance", required_argument, NULL, 'I'},
> > > > >          {"fw-version", required_argument, NULL, 'v'},
> > > > >          {"private-key", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
> > > > > @@ -55,21 +56,22 @@ static struct option options[] = {
> > > > > 
> > > > >   static void print_usage(void)
> > > > >   {
> > > > > -       fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options] <image
> > > > > blob> <output file>\n"
> > > > > +       fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options] [<image
> > > > > blob>] <output file>\n"
> > > > >                  "Options:\n"
> > > > > 
> > > > > -               "\t-g, --guid <guid
> > > > > string>    guid for image blob type\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-i, --index <index>         update image index\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-I, --instance
> > > > > <instance>   update hardware instance\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-v, --fw-version <version> firmware version\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-p, --private-key <privkey
> > > > > file> private key file\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-c, --certificate <cert
> > > > > file> signer's certificate file\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-m, --monotonic-count <count> monotonic count\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-d,
> > > > > --dump_sig              dump signature
> > > > > (*.p7)\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-A, --fw-accept  firmware
> > > > > accept capsule, requires GUID, no image blob\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-R, --fw-revert  firmware
> > > > > revert capsule, takes no GUID, no image blob\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-o, --capoemflag Capsule
> > > > > OEM Flag, an integer between 0x0000 and 0xffff\n"
> > > > > -               "\t-h,
> > > > > --help                  print a help
> > > > > message\n",
> > > > > +               "\t-g, --guid <guid list>
> > > > > comma-separated list of guids for image blob types\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-i, --index <index list>
> > > > > comma-separated list of update image indices\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-b, --image_blob <blob
> > > > > list> comma-separated list of image blobs\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-I, --instance <instance
> > > > > list> comma-separated list of update hardware instances\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-v, --fw-version <version
> > > > > list> comma-separated list of firmware versions\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-p, --private-key <privkey
> > > > > file>              private key file\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-c, --certificate <cert
> > > > > file>                 signer's certificate
> > > > > file\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-m, --monotonic-count
> > > > > <monotonic-count list>  comma-separated list of monotonic
> > > > > counts\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-d, --dump_sig                               
> > > > > dump signature (*.p7)\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-A, --fw-accept  
> > > > > firmware accept capsule, requires GUID, no image blob\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-R, --fw-revert  
> > > > > firmware revert capsule, takes no GUID, no image blob\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-o, --capoemflag  capsule
> > > > > OEM Flag, an integer between 0x0000 and 0xffff\n"
> > > > > +               "\t-h, --help        print a help message\n",
> > > > >                  tool_name);
> > > > >   }
> > > > > 
> > > > > @@ -336,16 +338,18 @@ static int create_auth_data(struct
> > > > > auth_context *ctx)
> > > > >    * @path:      Path to a capsule file
> > > > >    * @signature: Signature data
> > > > >    * @sig_size:  Size of signature data
> > > > > + * @index:     The payload index the signature belongs to
> > > > >    *
> > > > >    * Signature data pointed to by @signature will be saved into
> > > > > - * a file whose file name is @path with ".p7" suffix.
> > > > > + * a file whose file name is @path with "_<index>.p7" suffix.
> > > > > + * If index is negative the suffix is ".p7" (for backwards
> > > > > compatibility).
> > > > >    *
> > > > >    * Return:
> > > > >    * * 0  - on success
> > > > >    * * -1 - on failure
> > > > >    */
> > > > >   static int dump_signature(const char *path, const uint8_t
> > > > > *signature,
> > > > > -                         size_t sig_size)
> > > > > +                         size_t sig_size, int index)
> > > > >   {
> > > > >          char *sig_path;
> > > > >          FILE *f;
> > > > > @@ -356,7 +360,11 @@ static int dump_signature(const char
> > > > > *path, const uint8_t *signature,
> > > > >          if (!sig_path)
> > > > >                  return ret;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -       sprintf(sig_path, "%s.p7", path);
> > > > > +       if (index < 0)
> > > > > +               sprintf(sig_path, "%s.p7", path);
> > > > > +       else
> > > > > +               sprintf(sig_path, "%s_%d.p7", path, index);
> > > > > +
> > > > >          f = fopen(sig_path, "w");
> > > > >          if (!f)
> > > > >                  goto err;
> > > > > @@ -386,14 +394,15 @@ static void free_sig_data(struct
> > > > > auth_context *ctx)
> > > > >   /**
> > > > >    * create_fwbin - create an uefi capsule file
> > > > >    * @path:      Path to a created capsule file
> > > > > - * @bin:       Path to a firmware binary to encapsulate
> > > > > - * @guid:      GUID of related FMP driver
> > > > > - * @index:     Index number in capsule
> > > > > + * @bins:      Paths to firmware binaries to encapsulate, an array
> > > > > + * @guids:     GUIDs of related FMP drivers, an array
> > > > > + * @indices:   Index numbers in capsule, an array
> > > > >    * @instance:  Instance number in capsule
> > > > >    * @mcount:    Monotonic count in authentication information
> > > > > + * @size:      Size of the arrays
> > > > >    * @private_file:      Path to a private key file
> > > > >    * @cert_file: Path to a certificate file
> > > > > - * @oemflags:  Capsule OEM Flags, bits 0-15
> > > > > + * @oemflags:  Capsule OEM Flags, bits 0-15
> > > > >    *
> > > > >    * This function actually does the job of creating an
> > > > > uefi capsule file.
> > > > >    * All the arguments must be supplied.
> > > > > @@ -404,78 +413,87 @@ static void free_sig_data(struct
> > > > > auth_context *ctx)
> > > > >    * * 0  - on success
> > > > >    * * -1 - on failure
> > > > >    */
> > > > > -static int create_fwbin(const char *path, const char *bin,
> > > > > -                       const efi_guid_t *guid, unsigned long index,
> > > > > -                       unsigned long instance,
> > > > > -                       const struct
> > > > > fmp_payload_header_params *fmp_ph_params,
> > > > > -                       uint64_t mcount,
> > > > > -                       const char
> > > > > *privkey_file, const char *cert_file,
> > > > > -                       uint16_t oemflags)
> > > > > +static int create_fwbin(const char *path, const char **bins,
> > > > > +                       const
> > > > > efi_guid_t *guids, const unsigned long *indices,
> > > > > +                       const unsigned long *instances,
> > > > > +                       const unsigned
> > > > > long *fw_versions, const unsigned long *mcounts,
> > > > > +                       int size, const char *privkey_file,
> > > > > +                       const char *cert_file, uint16_t oemflags)
> > > > >   {
> > > > >          struct efi_capsule_header header;
> > > > >          struct efi_firmware_management_capsule_header capsule;
> > > > > -       struct efi_firmware_management_capsule_image_header image;
> > > > > -       struct auth_context auth_context;
> > > > > +       struct
> > > > > efi_firmware_management_capsule_image_header images[size];
> > > > > +       struct auth_context auth_contexts[size];
> > > > >          FILE *f;
> > > > > -       uint8_t *data, *new_data, *buf;
> > > > > -       off_t bin_size;
> > > > > -       uint64_t offset;
> > > > > +       uint8_t *data_list[size],
> > > > > *new_data_list[size], *buf_list[size];
> > > > > +       off_t bin_sizes[size];
> > > > > +       uint64_t offsets[size];
> > > > >          int ret;
> > > > > -       struct fmp_payload_header payload_header;
> > > > > +       struct fmp_payload_header payload_headers[size];
> > > > > 
> > > > >   #ifdef DEBUG
> > > > >          fprintf(stderr, "For output: %s\n", path);
> > > > > -       fprintf(stderr, "\tbin: %s\n\ttype: %pUl\n", bin, guid);
> > > > > -       fprintf(stderr, "\tindex: %lu\n\tinstance:
> > > > > %lu\n", index, instance);
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
> > > > > +               fprintf(stderr, "\tpayload no: %d\n", i);
> > > > > +               fprintf(stderr, "\t\tbin:
> > > > > %s\n\t\ttype: %pUl\n", bins[i], guids[i]);
> > > > > +               fprintf(stderr, "\t\tindex:
> > > > > %lu\n\t\tinstance: %lu\n", indices[i], instances[i]);
> > > > > +       }
> > > > >   #endif
> > > > > -       auth_context.sig_size = 0;
> > > > >          f = NULL;
> > > > > -       data = NULL;
> > > > > -       new_data = NULL;
> > > > >          ret = -1;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -       /*
> > > > > -        * read a firmware binary
> > > > > -        */
> > > > > -       if (read_bin_file(bin, &data, &bin_size))
> > > > > -               goto err;
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
> > > > > +               auth_contexts[i].sig_size = 0;
> > > > > +               data_list[i] = NULL;
> > > > > +               new_data_list[i] = NULL;
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > 
> > > > > -       buf = data;
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
> > > > > +               int dump_index = (size == 1) ? -1 : i;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -       /* insert fmp payload header right before the payload */
> > > > > -       if (fmp_ph_params->have_header) {
> > > > > -               new_data = malloc(bin_size + sizeof(payload_header));
> > > > > -               if (!new_data)
> > > > > +               /*
> > > > > +                * read a firmware binary
> > > > > +                */
> > > > > +               if (read_bin_file(bins[i],
> > > > > &data_list[i], &bin_sizes[i]))
> > > > >                          goto err;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -               payload_header.signature = FMP_PAYLOAD_HDR_SIGNATURE;
> > > > > -               payload_header.header_size = sizeof(payload_header);
> > > > > -               payload_header.fw_version = fmp_ph_params->fw_version;
> > > > > -              
> > > > > payload_header.lowest_supported_version = 0; /* not used */
> > > > > -               memcpy(new_data,
> > > > > &payload_header, sizeof(payload_header));
> > > > > -               memcpy(new_data +
> > > > > sizeof(payload_header), data, bin_size);
> > > > > -               buf = new_data;
> > > > > -               bin_size += sizeof(payload_header);
> > > > > -       }
> > > > > -
> > > > > -       /* first, calculate signature to determine its size */
> > > > > -       if (privkey_file && cert_file) {
> > > > > -               auth_context.key_file = privkey_file;
> > > > > -               auth_context.cert_file = cert_file;
> > > > > -               auth_context.auth.monotonic_count = mcount;
> > > > > -               auth_context.image_data = buf;
> > > > > -               auth_context.image_size = bin_size;
> > > > > -
> > > > > -               if (create_auth_data(&auth_context)) {
> > > > > -                      
> > > > > fprintf(stderr, "Signing firmware image failed\n");
> > > > > -                       goto err;
> > > > > +               buf_list[i] = data_list[i];
> > > > > +               /* insert fmp payload header
> > > > > right before the payload */
> > > > > +               if (fw_versions) {
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > new_data_list[i] = malloc(bin_sizes[i] +
> > > > > sizeof(payload_headers[i]));
> > > > > +                       if (!new_data_list[i])
> > > > > +                               goto err;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > payload_headers[i].signature = FMP_PAYLOAD_HDR_SIGNATURE;
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > payload_headers[i].header_size = sizeof(payload_headers[i]);
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > payload_headers[i].fw_version = fw_versions[i];
> > > > > + payload_headers[i].lowest_supported_version = 0; /* not used */
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > memcpy(new_data_list[i], (payload_headers + i),
> > > > > sizeof(payload_headers[i]));
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > memcpy(new_data_list[i] + sizeof(payload_headers[i]),
> > > > > data_list[i],
> > > > > +                              bin_sizes[i]);
> > > > > +                       buf_list[i] = new_data_list[i];
> > > > > +                       bin_sizes[i] += sizeof(payload_headers[i]);
> > > > >                  }
> > > > > 
> > > > > -               if (dump_sig &&
> > > > > -                   dump_signature(path, auth_context.sig_data,
> > > > > -                                  auth_context.sig_size)) {
> > > > > -                      
> > > > > fprintf(stderr, "Creating signature file failed\n");
> > > > > -                       goto err;
> > > > > +               /* calculate signature to determine its size */
> > > > > +               if (privkey_file && cert_file) {
> > > > > +                       auth_contexts[i].key_file = privkey_file;
> > > > > +                       auth_contexts[i].cert_file = cert_file;
> > > > > + auth_contexts[i].auth.monotonic_count = mcounts[i];
> > > > > +                       auth_contexts[i].image_data = buf_list[i];
> > > > > +                       auth_contexts[i].image_size = bin_sizes[i];
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       if (create_auth_data(&auth_contexts[i])) {
> > > > > +                              
> > > > > fprintf(stderr, "Signing firmware image failed\n");
> > > > > +                               goto err;
> > > > > +                       }
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       if (dump_sig &&
> > > > > +                          
> > > > > dump_signature(path, auth_contexts[i].sig_data,
> > > > > + auth_contexts[i].sig_size, dump_index)) {
> > > > > +                              
> > > > > fprintf(stderr, "Creating signature file failed\n");
> > > > > +                               goto err;
> > > > > +                       }
> > > > >                  }
> > > > >          }
> > > > > 
> > > > > @@ -498,81 +516,87 @@ static int create_fwbin(const char
> > > > > *path, const char *bin,
> > > > >          if (oemflags)
> > > > >                  header.flags |= oemflags;
> > > > >          header.capsule_image_size = sizeof(header)
> > > > > -                                      
> > > > > + sizeof(capsule) + sizeof(uint64_t)
> > > > > -                                       + sizeof(image)
> > > > > -                                       + bin_size;
> > > > > -       if (auth_context.sig_size)
> > > > > -               header.capsule_image_size += sizeof(auth_context.auth)
> > > > > -                               + auth_context.sig_size;
> > > > > +                                       + sizeof(capsule)
> > > > > +                                      
> > > > > + size * sizeof(uint64_t); /* size of item_offset_list */
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
> > > > > +               offsets[i] =
> > > > > header.capsule_image_size - sizeof(header);
> > > > > +               header.capsule_image_size += sizeof(images[i])
> > > > > +                                       + bin_sizes[i];
> > > > > +               if (auth_contexts[i].sig_size)
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > header.capsule_image_size += sizeof(auth_contexts[i].auth)
> > > > > +                                       + auth_contexts[i].sig_size;
> > > > > +       }
> > > > >          if (write_capsule_file(f, &header, sizeof(header),
> > > > >                                 "Capsule header"))
> > > > >                  goto err;
> > > > > 
> > > > >          /*
> > > > >           * firmware capsule header
> > > > > -        * This capsule has only one firmware capsule image.
> > > > >           */
> > > > >          capsule.version = 0x00000001;
> > > > >          capsule.embedded_driver_count = 0;
> > > > > -       capsule.payload_item_count = 1;
> > > > > +       capsule.payload_item_count = size;
> > > > >          if (write_capsule_file(f, &capsule, sizeof(capsule),
> > > > >                                 "Firmware capsule header"))
> > > > >                  goto err;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -       offset = sizeof(capsule) + sizeof(uint64_t);
> > > > > -       if (write_capsule_file(f, &offset, sizeof(offset),
> > > > > -                              "Offset to capsule image"))
> > > > > +       if (write_capsule_file(f, &offsets, size * sizeof(uint64_t),
> > > > > +                              "Offsets to capsule images"))
> > > > >                  goto err;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -       /*
> > > > > -        * firmware capsule image header
> > > > > -        */
> > > > > -       image.version = 0x00000003;
> > > > > -       memcpy(&image.update_image_type_id, guid, sizeof(*guid));
> > > > > -       image.update_image_index = index;
> > > > > -       image.reserved[0] = 0;
> > > > > -       image.reserved[1] = 0;
> > > > > -       image.reserved[2] = 0;
> > > > > -       image.update_image_size = bin_size;
> > > > > -       if (auth_context.sig_size)
> > > > > -               image.update_image_size += sizeof(auth_context.auth)
> > > > > -                               + auth_context.sig_size;
> > > > > -       image.update_vendor_code_size = 0; /* none */
> > > > > -       image.update_hardware_instance = instance;
> > > > > -       image.image_capsule_support = 0;
> > > > > -       if (auth_context.sig_size)
> > > > > -               image.image_capsule_support |=
> > > > > CAPSULE_SUPPORT_AUTHENTICATION;
> > > > > -       if (write_capsule_file(f, &image, sizeof(image),
> > > > > -                              "Firmware capsule image header"))
> > > > > -               goto err;
> > > > > -
> > > > > -       /*
> > > > > -        * signature
> > > > > -        */
> > > > > -       if (auth_context.sig_size) {
> > > > > -               if (write_capsule_file(f, &auth_context.auth,
> > > > > - sizeof(auth_context.auth),
> > > > > -                                      "Authentication header"))
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
> > > > > +               /*
> > > > > +                * firmware capsule image header
> > > > > +                */
> > > > > +               images[i].version = 0x00000003;
> > > > > +              
> > > > > memcpy(&images[i].update_image_type_id, &guids[i],
> > > > > sizeof(guids[i]));
> > > > > +               images[i].update_image_index = indices[i];
> > > > > +               images[i].reserved[0] = 0;
> > > > > +               images[i].reserved[1] = 0;
> > > > > +               images[i].reserved[2] = 0;
> > > > > +               images[i].update_image_size = bin_sizes[i];
> > > > > +               if (auth_contexts[i].sig_size)
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > images[i].update_image_size += sizeof(auth_contexts[i].auth)
> > > > > +                                       + auth_contexts[i].sig_size;
> > > > > +               images[i].update_vendor_code_size = 0; /* none */
> > > > > +               images[i].update_hardware_instance = instances[i];
> > > > > +               images[i].image_capsule_support = 0;
> > > > > +               if (auth_contexts[i].sig_size)
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > images[i].image_capsule_support |=
> > > > > CAPSULE_SUPPORT_AUTHENTICATION;
> > > > > +               if (write_capsule_file(f,
> > > > > &images[i], sizeof(images[i]),
> > > > > +                                     
> > > > > "Firmware capsule image header"))
> > > > >                          goto err;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -               if (write_capsule_file(f, auth_context.sig_data,
> > > > > - auth_context.sig_size, "Signature"))
> > > > > +               /*
> > > > > +                * signature
> > > > > +                */
> > > > > +               if (auth_contexts[i].sig_size) {
> > > > > +                       if
> > > > > (write_capsule_file(f, &auth_contexts[i].auth,
> > > > > + sizeof(auth_contexts[i].auth),
> > > > > + "Authentication header"))
> > > > > +                               goto err;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       if
> > > > > (write_capsule_file(f, auth_contexts[i].sig_data,
> > > > > + auth_contexts[i].sig_size, "Signature"))
> > > > > +                               goto err;
> > > > > +               }
> > > > > +
> > > > > +               /*
> > > > > +                * firmware binary
> > > > > +                */
> > > > > +               if (write_capsule_file(f,
> > > > > buf_list[i], bin_sizes[i], "Firmware binary"))
> > > > >                          goto err;
> > > > >          }
> > > > > 
> > > > > -       /*
> > > > > -        * firmware binary
> > > > > -        */
> > > > > -       if (write_capsule_file(f, buf, bin_size, "Firmware binary"))
> > > > > -               goto err;
> > > > > -
> > > > >          ret = 0;
> > > > >   err:
> > > > >          if (f)
> > > > >                  fclose(f);
> > > > > -       free_sig_data(&auth_context);
> > > > > -       free(data);
> > > > > -       free(new_data);
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
> > > > > +               free_sig_data(&auth_contexts[i]);
> > > > > +               free(data_list[i]);
> > > > > +               free(new_data_list[i]);
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > 
> > > > >          return ret;
> > > > >   }
> > > > > @@ -652,6 +676,228 @@ err:
> > > > >          return ret;
> > > > >   }
> > > > > 
> > > > > +/**
> > > > > + * count_items - count number of items in list
> > > > > + * @list:      Pointer to a string
> > > > > + * @separator: Separator used to separate list items
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Count the number of items in a list. The list items
> > > > > + * are separated by a separator character inside the string.
> > > > > + * Trailing white spaces are not allowed except if it is
> > > > > the separator.
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Return:
> > > > > + * The item count.
> > > > > + */
> > > > > +int count_items(const char *list, char separator)
> > > > > +{
> > > > > +       const char *c;
> > > > > +       int count = 0;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       if (!*list)
> > > > > +               return 0;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       for (c = list; *c; c++) {
> > > > > +               if (*c == separator)
> > > > > +                       count++;
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > +       /* correct count if no trailing separator present */
> > > > > +       if (*(c - 1) != separator)
> > > > > +               count++;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       return count;
> > > > > +}
> > > > > +
> > > > > +/**
> > > > > + * update_itemcount - update item count
> > > > > + * @count:     The count to be updated
> > > > > + * @list:      The item list
> > > > > + * @separator: List separator
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Initialize the count if it is uninitialized (negative value).
> > > > > + * Check that the list contains at least one item.
> > > > > + * Check if an already initialized count is consistent with
> > > > > the list count.
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Return:
> > > > > + * * 0 - on success
> > > > > + * * -1 - if a check fails
> > > > > + */
> > > > > +int update_itemcount(int *count, const char *list, char separator)
> > > > > +{
> > > > > +       int current_count = count_items(list, separator);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       if (*count < 0)
> > > > > +               *count = current_count;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       if (*count == 0 ||
> > > > > +           *count != current_count)
> > > > > +               return -1;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       return 0;
> > > > > +}
> > > > > +
> > > > > +/**
> > > > > + * split_list - split list into elements
> > > > > + * @elements:  Pointer to string array
> > > > > + * @size:      The array size
> > > > > + * @list:      The item list
> > > > > + * @separator: List separator
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Split a comma-separated list into its elements.
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Return:
> > > > > + * * 0 - on success
> > > > > + * * -1 - on failure
> > > > > + */
> > > > > +int split_list(char **elements, int size, char *list, char separator)
> > > > > +{
> > > > > +       const char separator_str[] = {separator, '\0'};
> > > > > +       char *end;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
> > > > > +               elements[i] = strsep(&list, separator_str);
> > > > > +               if (!elements[i])
> > > > > +                       return -1;
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       end = strsep(&list, separator_str);  /* NULL
> > > > > or empty string expected */
> > > > > +       if (end && *end)
> > > > > +               return -1;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       return 0;
> > > > > +}
> > > > > +
> > > > > +/**
> > > > > + * alloc_array - allocate memory for array
> > > > > + * @count:     The number of elements
> > > > > + * @obj_size:  The size of a single element
> > > > > + * @name:      The name of the array
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * This is a wrapper for malloc which prints an error
> > > > > + * message on failure.
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + *  Return:
> > > > > + * * Pointer to the allocated memory on success
> > > > > + * * NULL on failure
> > > > > + */
> > > > > +void *alloc_array(unsigned int count, size_t obj_size,
> > > > > const char *name)
> > > > > +{
> > > > > +       void *array;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       array = malloc(count * obj_size);
> > > > > +       if (!array)
> > > > > +               fprintf(stderr, "Could not
> > > > > allocate memory for %s\n", name);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       return array;
> > > > > +}
> > > > > +
> > > > > +/**
> > > > > + * init_guids - populate guid array
> > > > > + * @elements:  String array of elements to be converted
> > > > > + * @size:      The array size
> > > > > + * @name:      The name of the array
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Allocate and populate an array of guid structs. The list
> > > > > contains the UUIDs
> > > > > + * to convert and store in the array. Upon failure an error
> > > > > message is
> > > > > + * printed.
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Return:
> > > > > + * * The initialized GUID array on success
> > > > > + * * NULL on failure
> > > > > + */
> > > > > +efi_guid_t *init_guids(const char **elements, unsigned int size,
> > > > > +                      const char *name)
> > > > > +{
> > > > > +       efi_guid_t *guids;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       guids = alloc_array(size, sizeof(efi_guid_t), name);
> > > > > +       if (!guids)
> > > > > +               return NULL;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
> > > > > +               if (uuid_parse(elements[i],
> > > > > (unsigned char *)(guids + i))) {
> > > > > +                       fprintf(stderr, "Wrong %s format\n", name);
> > > > > +                       free(guids);
> > > > > +                       return NULL;
> > > > > +               }
> > > > > +               convert_uuid_to_guid((unsigned char *)(guids + i));
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       return guids;
> > > > > +}
> > > > > +
> > > > > +/**
> > > > > + * init_uls - populate unsigned long array
> > > > > + * @elements:  String array of elements to be converted
> > > > > + * @size:      The array size
> > > > > + * @name:      The name of the array
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Allocate and populate an array of unsgined longs. Upon failure an
> > > > > + * error message is printed.
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Return:
> > > > > + * * The initialized array on success
> > > > > + * * NULL on failure
> > > > > + */
> > > > > +unsigned long *init_uls(const char **elements, unsigned int size,
> > > > > +                       const char *name)
> > > > > +{
> > > > > +       unsigned long *array;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       array = alloc_array(size, sizeof(unsigned long), name);
> > > > > +       if (!array)
> > > > > +               return NULL;
> > > > > +       for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
> > > > > +               array[i] = strtoul(elements[i], NULL, 0);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       return array;
> > > > > +}
> > > > > +
> > > > > +/**
> > > > > + * init_list - parse list and allocate elements
> > > > > + * @listcount: The list count to be checked and updated
> > > > > + * @list:      The list to be parsed
> > > > > + * @separator: The list separator
> > > > > + * @name:      The name of the list
> > > > > + * @multiple_times:    List encountered multiple times
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + * Routine for command line argument lists.
> > > > > + * Parse the string list and count the list elements.
> > > > > + * Initialize the listcount if it is uninitialized (negative value).
> > > > > + * Check that the list contains at least one item.
> > > > > + * Check if an already initialized count is consistent with
> > > > > the list count.
> > > > > + * Allocate the string array and populate it with the list elements.
> > > > > + * The array should be freed in the calling function.
> > > > > + * Upon failure an error message is printed and the program exits.
> > > > > + *
> > > > > + *  Return:
> > > > > + * * The initialized array on success
> > > > > + * * NULL on failure
> > > > > + */
> > > > > +char **init_list(int *listcount, char *list, char separator,
> > > > > +                bool multiple_times, char *name)
> > > > > +{
> > > > > +       char **elements;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       if (multiple_times) {
> > > > > +               fprintf(stderr, "%s specified
> > > > > multiple times\n", name);
> > > > > +               return NULL;
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > +       if (update_itemcount(listcount, list, separator)) {
> > > > > +               fprintf(stderr, "List count
> > > > > not consistent with previous or list not provided\n");
> > > > > +               return NULL;
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > +       elements = alloc_array(*listcount, sizeof(char *), name);
> > > > > +       if (!elements)
> > > > > +               return NULL;
> > > > > +       if (split_list(elements, *listcount, list, separator)) {
> > > > > +               fprintf(stderr, "Could not parse %s list\n", name);
> > > > > +               free(elements);
> > > > > +               return NULL;
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       return elements;
> > > > > +}
> > > > > +
> > > > >   /**
> > > > >    * main - main entry function of mkeficapsule
> > > > >    * @argc:      Number of arguments
> > > > > @@ -666,24 +912,27 @@ err:
> > > > >    */
> > > > >   int main(int argc, char **argv)
> > > > >   {
> > > > > -       efi_guid_t *guid;
> > > > > -       unsigned char uuid_buf[16];
> > > > > -       unsigned long index, instance;
> > > > > -       uint64_t mcount;
> > > > > +       const char separator = ',';
> > > > > +       const efi_guid_t *guids; /* an array */
> > > > > +       const unsigned long *indices, *instances,
> > > > > *mcounts, *fw_versions; /* arrays */
> > > > >          unsigned long oemflags;
> > > > > +       const char **blob_paths, **elements;  /* string arrays */
> > > > >          const char *privkey_file, *cert_file;
> > > > > -       int c, idx;
> > > > > -       struct fmp_payload_header_params fmp_ph_params = { 0 };
> > > > > +       int listcount, c, idx;
> > > > > 
> > > > > -       guid = NULL;
> > > > > -       index = 0;
> > > > > -       instance = 0;
> > > > > -       mcount = 0;
> > > > > +       guids = NULL;
> > > > > +       indices = NULL;
> > > > > +       instances = NULL;
> > > > > +       mcounts = NULL;
> > > > > +       oemflags = 0;
> > > > > +       blob_paths = NULL;
> > > > >          privkey_file = NULL;
> > > > >          cert_file = NULL;
> > > > > +       elements = NULL;
> > > > > +       listcount = -1;
> > > > > +       fw_versions = NULL;
> > > > >          dump_sig = 0;
> > > > >          capsule_type = CAPSULE_NORMAL_BLOB;
> > > > > -       oemflags = 0;
> > > > >          for (;;) {
> > > > >                  c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
> > > > > opts_short, options, &idx);
> > > > >                  if (c == -1)
> > > > > @@ -691,27 +940,62 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> > > > > 
> > > > >                  switch (c) {
> > > > >                  case 'g':
> > > > > -                       if (guid) {
> > > > > -                               fprintf(stderr,
> > > > > -                                      
> > > > > "Image type already specified\n");
> > > > > +                       elements =
> > > > > (const char **)init_list(&listcount, optarg, separator,
> > > > > !!guids,
> > > > > + "GUID");
> > > > > +                       if (!elements)
> > > > >                                  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > -                       }
> > > > > -                       if (uuid_parse(optarg, uuid_buf)) {
> > > > > -                              
> > > > > fprintf(stderr, "Wrong guid format\n");
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       guids =
> > > > > init_guids(elements, listcount, "GUID");
> > > > > +                       if (!guids)
> > > > >                                  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > -                       }
> > > > > -                       convert_uuid_to_guid(uuid_buf);
> > > > > -                       guid = (efi_guid_t *)uuid_buf;
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       free(elements);
> > > > > +                       elements = NULL;
> > > > >                          break;
> > > > >                  case 'i':
> > > > > -                       index = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
> > > > > +                       elements =
> > > > > (const char **)init_list(&listcount, optarg, separator,
> > > > > + !!indices, "index");
> > > > > +                       if (!elements)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       indices =
> > > > > init_uls(elements, listcount, "index");
> > > > > +                       if (!indices)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       free(elements);
> > > > > +                       elements = NULL;
> > > > > +                       break;
> > > > > +               case 'b':
> > > > > +                       blob_paths =
> > > > > (const char **)init_list(&listcount, optarg, separator,
> > > > > + !!blob_paths, "blob path");
> > > > > +                       if (!blob_paths)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > >                          break;
> > > > >                  case 'I':
> > > > > -                       instance = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
> > > > > +                       elements =
> > > > > (const char **)init_list(&listcount, optarg, separator,
> > > > > + !!instances, "instance");
> > > > > +                       if (!elements)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       instances =
> > > > > init_uls(elements, listcount, "instance");
> > > > > +                       if (!instances)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       free(elements);
> > > > > +                       elements = NULL;
> > > > >                          break;
> > > > >                  case 'v':
> > > > > -                      
> > > > > fmp_ph_params.fw_version = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
> > > > > -                       fmp_ph_params.have_header = true;
> > > > > +                       elements =
> > > > > (const char **)init_list(&listcount, optarg, separator,
> > > > > + !!fw_versions, "firmware version");
> > > > > +                       if (!elements)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       fw_versions =
> > > > > init_uls(elements, listcount, "firmware version");
> > > > > +                       if (!fw_versions)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       free(elements);
> > > > > +                       elements = NULL;
> > > > >                          break;
> > > > >                  case 'p':
> > > > >                          if (privkey_file) {
> > > > > @@ -730,7 +1014,17 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> > > > >                          cert_file = optarg;
> > > > >                          break;
> > > > >                  case 'm':
> > > > > -                       mcount = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
> > > > > +                       elements =
> > > > > (const char **)init_list(&listcount, optarg, separator,
> > > > > + !!mcounts, "monotonic count");
> > > > > +                       if (!elements)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       mcounts =
> > > > > init_uls(elements, listcount, "monotonic count");
> > > > > +                       if (!mcounts)
> > > > > +                               exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +
> > > > > +                       free(elements);
> > > > > +                       elements = NULL;
> > > > >                          break;
> > > > >                  case 'd':
> > > > >                          dump_sig = 1;
> > > > > @@ -767,26 +1061,46 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> > > > > 
> > > > >          /* check necessary parameters */
> > > > >          if ((capsule_type == CAPSULE_NORMAL_BLOB &&
> > > > > -           ((argc != optind + 2) || !guid ||
> > > > > -            ((privkey_file && !cert_file) ||
> > > > > -             (!privkey_file && cert_file)))) ||
> > > > > +            (!((argc != optind + 2) ^
> > > > > !(blob_paths && argc == optind + 1)) || !guids ||
> > > > > +             ((privkey_file && !cert_file) ||
> > > > > +              (!privkey_file && cert_file)))) ||
> > > > >              (capsule_type != CAPSULE_NORMAL_BLOB &&
> > > > > -           ((argc != optind + 1) ||
> > > > > -            ((capsule_type == CAPSULE_ACCEPT) && !guid) ||
> > > > > -            ((capsule_type == CAPSULE_REVERT) && guid)))) {
> > > > > +            ((argc != optind + 1) ||
> > > > > +             ((capsule_type == CAPSULE_ACCEPT) && !guids) ||
> > > > > +             ((capsule_type == CAPSULE_ACCEPT) && listcount != 1) ||
> > > > > +             ((capsule_type == CAPSULE_REVERT) && guids)))) {
> > > > >                  print_usage();
> > > > >                  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > >          }
> > > > > 
> > > > > +       /* populate blob_paths if image blob was
> > > > > provided as positional argument */
> > > > > +       if (capsule_type == CAPSULE_NORMAL_BLOB && !blob_paths) {
> > > > > +               blob_paths = malloc(sizeof(char *));
> > > > > +               if (!blob_paths) {
> > > > > +                      
> > > > > fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate memory for blob
> > > > > paths\n");
> > > > > +                       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > > +               }
> > > > > +               *blob_paths = argv[argc - 2];
> > > > > +       }
> > > > > +
> > > > > +       /* populate arrays with zeros if they are not provided */
> > > > > +       if (!indices)
> > > > > +               indices = calloc(listcount, sizeof(unsigned long));
> > > > > +       if (!instances)
> > > > > +               instances = calloc(listcount, sizeof(unsigned long));
> > > > > +       if (!mcounts)
> > > > > +               mcounts = calloc(listcount, sizeof(uint64_t));
> > > > > +
> > > > >          if (capsule_type != CAPSULE_NORMAL_BLOB) {
> > > > > -               if (create_empty_capsule(argv[argc - 1], guid,
> > > > > +               if (create_empty_capsule(argv[argc - 1], guids,
> > > > >                                          
> > > > > capsule_type == CAPSULE_ACCEPT) < 0) {
> > > > >                         
> > > > > fprintf(stderr, "Creating empty capsule failed\n");
> > > > >                          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > >                  }
> > > > > -       } else  if (create_fwbin(argv[argc - 1], argv[argc - 2], guid,
> > > > > -                               
> > > > > index, instance, &fmp_ph_params, mcount, privkey_file,
> > > > > -                                cert_file, (uint16_t)oemflags) < 0) {
> > > > > +       } else if (create_fwbin(argv[argc - 1], blob_paths, guids,
> > > > > +                               indices, instances, fw_versions,
> > > > > +                               mcounts, listcount, privkey_file,
> > > > > +                               cert_file, (uint16_t)oemflags) < 0) {
> > > > >                  fprintf(stderr, "Creating
> > > > > firmware capsule failed\n");
> > > > >                  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> > > > >          }
> > > > > -- 
> > > > > 2.30.2
> > > > > 
> > 
> 


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