[U-Boot] [RFC PATCH 21/22] sandbox: image: Create a test for loading FIT images
Simon Glass
sjg at chromium.org
Thu Jan 10 15:58:24 CET 2013
The image code is fairly complex with various different options. It would
be useful to have comprehensive tests for this.
As a start, create a script which tries out loading a kernel/ramdisk/fdt
from a FIT and checks that the images appear in the right place in memory.
This uses sandbox which now supports bootm and related features.
Signed-off-by: Simon Glass <sjg at chromium.org>
---
test/image/test-fit.py | 422 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 files changed, 422 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100755 test/image/test-fit.py
diff --git a/test/image/test-fit.py b/test/image/test-fit.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c4e8211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/image/test-fit.py
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013, Google Inc.
+#
+# Sanity check of the FIT handling in U-Boot
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
+# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+# the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
+# MA 02111-1307 USA
+#
+# To run this:
+#
+# make O=sandbox sandbox_config
+# make O=sandbox
+# ./test/image/test-fit.py -u sandbox/u-boot
+
+import doctest
+from optparse import OptionParser
+import os
+import shutil
+import struct
+import sys
+import tempfile
+
+# The 'command' library in patman is convenient for running commands
+base_path = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])
+patman = os.path.join(base_path, '../../tools/patman')
+sys.path.append(patman)
+
+import command
+
+# Define a base ITS which we can adjust using % and a dictionary
+base_its = '''
+/dts-v1/;
+
+/ {
+ description = "Chrome OS kernel image with one or more FDT blobs";
+ #address-cells = <1>;
+
+ images {
+ kernel at 1 {
+ data = /incbin/("%(kernel)s");
+ type = "kernel";
+ arch = "sandbox";
+ os = "linux";
+ compression = "none";
+ load = <0x40000>;
+ entry = <0x8>;
+ };
+ fdt at 1 {
+ description = "snow";
+ data = /incbin/("u-boot.dtb");
+ type = "flat_dt";
+ arch = "sandbox";
+ %(fdt_load)s
+ compression = "none";
+ signature at 1 {
+ algo = "sha1,rsa2048";
+ key-name-hint = "dev";
+ };
+ };
+ ramdisk at 1 {
+ description = "snow";
+ data = /incbin/("%(ramdisk)s");
+ type = "ramdisk";
+ arch = "sandbox";
+ os = "linux";
+ %(ramdisk_load)s
+ compression = "none";
+ };
+ };
+ configurations {
+ default = "conf at 1";
+ conf at 1 {
+ kernel = "kernel at 1";
+ fdt = "fdt at 1";
+ %(ramdisk_config)s
+ };
+ };
+};
+'''
+
+# Define a base FDT - currently we don't use anything in this
+base_fdt = '''
+/dts-v1/;
+
+/ {
+ model = "Sandbox Verified Boot Test";
+ compatible = "sandbox";
+
+};
+'''
+
+# This is the U-Boot script that is run for each test. First load the fit,
+# then do the 'bootm' command, then save out memory from the places where
+# we expect 'bootm' to write things. Then quit.
+base_script = '''
+sb load host 0 %(fit_addr)x %(fit)s
+fdt addr %(fit_addr)x
+bootm start %(fit_addr)x
+bootm loados
+sb save host 0 %(kernel_out)s %(kernel_addr)x %(kernel_size)x
+sb save host 0 %(fdt_out)s %(fdt_addr)x %(fdt_size)x
+sb save host 0 %(ramdisk_out)s %(ramdisk_addr)x %(ramdisk_size)x
+reset
+'''
+
+def make_fname(leaf):
+ """Make a temporary filename
+
+ Args:
+ leaf: Leaf name of file to create (within temporary directory)
+ Return:
+ Temporary filename
+ """
+ global base_dir
+
+ return os.path.join(base_dir, leaf)
+
+def filesize(fname):
+ """Get the size of a file
+
+ Args:
+ fname: Filename to check
+ Return:
+ Size of file in bytes
+ """
+ return os.stat(fname).st_size
+
+def read_file(fname):
+ """Read the contents of a file
+
+ Args:
+ fname: Filename to read
+ Returns:
+ Contents of file as a string
+ """
+ with open(fname, 'r') as fd:
+ return fd.read()
+
+def make_dtb():
+ """Make a sample .dts file and compile it to a .dtb
+
+ Returns:
+ Filename of .dtb file created
+ """
+ src = make_fname('u-boot.dts')
+ dtb = make_fname('u-boot.dtb')
+ with open(src, 'w') as fd:
+ print >>fd, base_fdt
+ command.Output('dtc', src, '-O', 'dtb', '-o', dtb)
+ return dtb
+
+def make_its(params):
+ """Make a sample .its file with parameters embedded
+
+ Args:
+ params: Dictionary containing parameters to embed in the %() strings
+ Returns:
+ Filename of .its file created
+ """
+ its = make_fname('test.its')
+ with open(its, 'w') as fd:
+ print >>fd, base_its % params
+ return its
+
+def make_fit(mkimage, params):
+ """Make a sample .fit file ready for loading
+
+ This creates a .its script with the selected parameters and uses mkimage to
+ turn this into a .fit image.
+
+ Args:
+ mkimage: Filename of 'mkimage' utility
+ params: Dictionary containing parameters to embed in the %() strings
+ Return:
+ Filename of .fit file created
+ """
+ fit = make_fname('test.fit')
+ its = make_its(params)
+ command.Output(mkimage, '-f', its, fit)
+ with open(make_fname('u-boot.dts'), 'w') as fd:
+ print >>fd, base_fdt
+ return fit
+
+def make_kernel():
+ """Make a sample kernel with test data
+
+ Returns:
+ Filename of kernel created
+ """
+ fname = make_fname('test-kernel.bin')
+ data = ''
+ for i in range(100):
+ data += 'this kernel %d is unlikely to boot\n' % i
+ with open(fname, 'w') as fd:
+ print >>fd, data
+ return fname
+
+def make_ramdisk():
+ """Make a sample ramdisk with test data
+
+ Returns:
+ Filename of ramdisk created
+ """
+ fname = make_fname('test-ramdisk.bin')
+ data = ''
+ for i in range(100):
+ data += 'ramdisk %d was seldom used in the middle ages\n' % i
+ with open(fname, 'w') as fd:
+ print >>fd, data
+ return fname
+
+def find_matching(text, match):
+ """Find a match in a line of text, and return the unmatched line portion
+
+ This is used to extract a part of a line from some text. The match string
+ is used to locate the line - we use the first line that contains that
+ match text.
+
+ Once we find a match, we discard the match string itself from the line,
+ and return what remains.
+
+ TODO: If this function becomes more generally useful, we could change it
+ to use regex and return groups.
+
+ Args:
+ text: Text to check (each line separated by \n)
+ match: String to search for
+ Return:
+ String containing unmatched portion of line
+ Exceptions:
+ ValueError: If match is not found
+
+ >>> find_matching('first line:10\\nsecond_line:20', 'first line:')
+ '10'
+ >>> find_matching('first line:10\\nsecond_line:20', 'second linex')
+ Traceback (most recent call last):
+ ...
+ ValueError: Test aborted
+ >>> find_matching('first line:10\\nsecond_line:20', 'second_line:')
+ '20'
+ """
+ for line in text.splitlines():
+ pos = line.find(match)
+ if pos != -1:
+ return line[:pos] + line[pos + len(match):]
+
+ print "Expected '%s' but not found in output:"
+ print text
+ raise ValueError('Test aborted')
+
+def set_test(name):
+ """Set the name of the current test and print a message
+
+ Args:
+ name: Name of test
+ """
+ global test_name
+
+ test_name = name
+ print name
+
+def fail(msg):
+ """Raise an error with a helpful failure message
+
+ Args:
+ msg: Message to display
+ """
+ raise ValueError("Test '%s' failed: %s" % (test_name, msg))
+
+def run_fit_test(mkimage, u_boot):
+ """Basic sanity check of FIT loading in U-Boot
+
+ TODO: Almost everything:
+ - hash algorithms - invalid hash/contents should be detected
+ - signature algorithms - invalid sig/contents should be detected
+ - compression
+ - checking that errors are detected like:
+ - image overwriting
+ - missing images
+ - invalid configurations
+ - incorrect os/arch/type fields
+ - empty data
+ - images too large/small
+ - invalid FDT (e.g. putting a random binary in instead)
+ - default configuration selection
+ - bootm command line parameters should have desired effect
+ - run code coverage to make sure we are testing all the code
+ """
+ global test_name
+
+ # Set up invariant files
+ control_dtb = make_dtb()
+ kernel = make_kernel()
+ ramdisk = make_ramdisk()
+ kernel_out = make_fname('kernel-out.bin')
+ fdt_out = make_fname('fdt-out.dtb')
+ ramdisk_out = make_fname('ramdisk-out.bin')
+
+ # Set up basic parameters with default values
+ params = {
+ 'fit_addr' : 0x1000,
+
+ 'kernel' : kernel,
+ 'kernel_out' : kernel_out,
+ 'kernel_addr' : 0x40000,
+ 'kernel_size' : filesize(kernel),
+
+ 'fdt_out' : fdt_out,
+ 'fdt_addr' : 0x80000,
+ 'fdt_size' : filesize(control_dtb),
+ 'fdt_load' : '',
+
+ 'ramdisk' : ramdisk,
+ 'ramdisk_out' : ramdisk_out,
+ 'ramdisk_addr' : 0xc0000,
+ 'ramdisk_size' : filesize(ramdisk),
+ 'ramdisk_load' : '',
+ 'ramdisk_config' : '',
+ }
+
+ # Make a basic FIT and a script to load it
+ fit = make_fit(mkimage, params)
+ params['fit'] = fit
+ cmd = base_script % params
+
+ # First check that we can load a kernel
+ # We could perhaps reduce duplication with some loss of readability
+ set_test('Kernel load')
+ stdout = command.Output(u_boot, '-d', control_dtb, '-c', cmd)
+ if read_file(kernel) != read_file(kernel_out):
+ fail('Kernel not loaded')
+ if read_file(control_dtb) == read_file(fdt_out):
+ fail('FDT loaded but should be ignored')
+ if read_file(ramdisk) == read_file(ramdisk_out):
+ fail('Ramdisk loaded but should not be')
+
+ # Find out the offset in the FIT where U-Boot has found the FDT
+ line = find_matching(stdout, 'Booting using the fdt blob at ')
+ fit_offset = int(line, 16) - params['fit_addr']
+ fdt_magic = struct.pack('>L', 0xd00dfeed)
+ data = read_file(fit)
+
+ # Now find where it actually is in the FIT (skip the first word)
+ real_fit_offset = data.find(fdt_magic, 4)
+ if fit_offset != real_fit_offset:
+ fail('U-Boot loaded FDT from offset %#x, FDT is actually at %#x' %
+ (fit_offset, real_fit_offset))
+
+ # Now a kernel and an FDT
+ set_test('Kernel + FDT load')
+ params['fdt_load'] = 'load = <%#x>;' % params['fdt_addr']
+ fit = make_fit(mkimage, params)
+ stdout = command.Output(u_boot, '-d', control_dtb, '-c', cmd)
+ if read_file(kernel) != read_file(kernel_out):
+ fail('Kernel not loaded')
+ if read_file(control_dtb) != read_file(fdt_out):
+ fail('FDT not loaded')
+ if read_file(ramdisk) == read_file(ramdisk_out):
+ fail('Ramdisk loaded but should not be')
+
+ # Try a ramdisk
+ set_test('Kernel + FDT + Ramdisk load')
+ params['ramdisk_config'] = 'ramdisk = "ramdisk at 1";'
+ params['ramdisk_load'] = 'load = <%#x>;' % params['ramdisk_addr']
+ fit = make_fit(mkimage, params)
+ stdout = command.Output(u_boot, '-d', control_dtb, '-c', cmd)
+ if read_file(ramdisk) != read_file(ramdisk_out):
+ fail('Ramdisk not loaded')
+
+def run_tests():
+ """Parse options, run the FIT tests and print the result"""
+ global base_path, base_dir
+
+ # Work in a temporary directory
+ base_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+ parser = OptionParser()
+ parser.add_option('-u', '--u-boot',
+ default=os.path.join(base_path, 'u-boot'),
+ help='Select U-Boot sandbox binary')
+ parser.add_option('-k', '--keep', action='store_true',
+ help="Don't delete temporary directory even when tests pass")
+ parser.add_option('-t', '--selftest', action='store_true',
+ help='Run internal self tests')
+ (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
+
+ # Find the path to U-Boot, and assume mkimage is in its tools/mkimage dir
+ base_path = os.path.dirname(options.u_boot)
+ mkimage = os.path.join(base_path, 'tools/mkimage')
+
+ # There are a few doctests - handle these here
+ if options.selftest:
+ doctest.testmod()
+ return
+
+ title = 'FIT Tests'
+ print title, '\n', '=' * len(title)
+
+ run_fit_test(mkimage, options.u_boot)
+
+ print '\nTests passed'
+ print 'Caveat: this is only a sanity check - test coverage is poor'
+
+ # Remove the tempoerary directory unless we are asked to keep it
+ if options.keep:
+ print "Output files are in '%s'" % base_dir
+ else:
+ shutil.rmtree(base_dir)
+
+run_tests()
--
1.7.7.3
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