[U-Boot] [PATCH v3 8/8] palmtreo680: add utility that writes u-boot to flash

[Mike Dunn]

This adds a userspace linux utility that writes the u-boot image to an mtd
partition on the docg4 nand flash.

A special utility is required to do this because u-boot is partially loaded by
an initial program loader (IPL) that is permanently programmed to the boot
region of the flash.  This IPL expects the image to be written in a unique
format. The characteristics of this format can be summarized as follows:
  - Flash blocks to be loaded must have a magic number in the oob bytes of the
    first page of the block.
  - Each page must be written redundantly in the subsequent page.
  - The integrated flash controller's "reliable mode" is used, requiring that
    alternate 2k regions (4 pages) are skipped when writing.
For these reasons, a u-boot image can not be written using nandwrite from
mtd-utils.

Signed-off-by: Mike Dunn <mikedunn at newsguy.com>
---
Changelog:
  v3: new patch; split off from patch 7 in v2 of patchset

 tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c |  167 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c

diff --git a/tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c b/tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97b336f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Mike Dunn <mikedunn at newsguy.com>
+ *
+ * This file is released under the terms of GPL v2 and any later version.
+ * See the file COPYING in the root directory of the source tree for details.
+ *
+ *
+ * This is a userspace Linux utility that, when run on the Treo 680, will
+ * program u-boot to flash.  The docg4 driver *must* be loaded with the
+ * reliable_mode and ignore_badblocks parameters enabled:
+ *
+ *        modprobe docg4 ignore_badblocks=1 reliable_mode=1
+ *
+ * This utility writes the concatenated spl + u-boot image to the start of the
+ * mtd device in the format expected by the IPL/SPL.  The image file and mtd
+ * device node are passed to the utility as arguments.  The blocks must have
+ * been erased beforehand.
+ *
+ * When you compile this, note that it links to libmtd from mtd-utils, so ensure
+ * that your include and lib paths include this.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <mtd/mtd-user.h>
+#include "libmtd.h"
+
+#define RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE  0x10000 /* block capacity in reliable mode */
+#define STANDARD_BLOCKSIZE  0x40000 /* block capacity in normal mode */
+#define PAGESIZE 512
+#define PAGES_PER_BLOCK 512
+#define OOBSIZE 7		/* available to user (16 total) */
+
+uint8_t ff_oob[OOBSIZE] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+
+/* this is the magic number the IPL looks for (ASCII "BIPO") */
+uint8_t page0_oob[OOBSIZE] = {'B', 'I', 'P', 'O', 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+
+int main(int argc, char * const argv[])
+{
+	int devfd, datafd, num_blocks, block;
+	off_t file_size;
+	libmtd_t mtd_desc;
+	struct mtd_dev_info devinfo;
+	uint8_t *blockbuf;
+	char response[8];
+
+	if (argc != 3) {
+		printf("usage: %s <image file> <mtd dev node>\n", argv[0]);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	mtd_desc = libmtd_open();
+	if (mtd_desc == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "can't initialize libmtd\n");
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	/* open the spl image file and mtd device */
+	datafd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
+	if (datafd == -1) {
+		perror(argv[1]);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+	devfd = open(argv[2], O_WRONLY);
+	if (devfd == -1) {
+		perror(argv[2]);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+	if (mtd_get_dev_info(mtd_desc, argv[2], &devinfo) < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "mtd_get_dev_info failed\n");
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	/* determine the number of blocks needed by the image */
+	file_size = lseek(datafd, 0, SEEK_END);
+	if (file_size == (off_t)-1) {
+		perror("lseek");
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+	num_blocks = (file_size + RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE - 1) / RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE;
+	file_size = lseek(datafd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+	if (file_size == (off_t)-1) {
+		perror("lseek");
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+	printf("The mtd partition contains %d blocks\n", devinfo.eb_cnt);
+	printf("U-boot will occupy %d blocks\n", num_blocks);
+	if (num_blocks > devinfo.eb_cnt) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient blocks on partition\n");
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	printf("IMPORTANT: These blocks must be in an erased state!\n");
+	printf("Do you want to proceed?\n");
+	scanf("%s", response);
+	if ((response[0] != 'y') && (response[0] != 'Y')) {
+		printf("Exiting\n");
+		close(devfd);
+		close(datafd);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	blockbuf = malloc(RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE);
+	if (blockbuf == NULL) {
+		perror("malloc");
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	for (block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) {
+		int ofs, page;
+		ssize_t read_ret;
+		uint8_t *pagebuf = blockbuf, *buf = blockbuf;
+		uint8_t *oobbuf = page0_oob; /* magic num in oob of 1st page */
+		size_t len = RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE;
+		int ret;
+
+		/* read data for one block from file */
+		while (len != 0 && (read_ret = read(datafd, buf, len)) != 0) {
+			if (read_ret == -1) {
+				if (errno == EINTR)
+					continue;
+				perror("read");
+				exit(-1);
+			}
+			len -= read_ret;
+			buf += read_ret;
+		}
+
+		printf("Block %d: writing\r", block + 1);
+		fflush(stdout);
+
+		for (page = 0, ofs = 0;
+		     page < PAGES_PER_BLOCK;
+		     page++, ofs += PAGESIZE) {
+			if (page & 0x04)  /* Odd-numbered 2k page */
+				continue; /* skipped in reliable mode */
+
+			ret = mtd_write(mtd_desc, &devinfo, devfd, block, ofs,
+					pagebuf, PAGESIZE, oobbuf, OOBSIZE,
+					MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB);
+			if (ret) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"\nmtd_write returned %d on block %d, ofs %x\n",
+					ret, block + 1, ofs);
+				exit(-1);
+			}
+			oobbuf = ff_oob;  /* oob for subsequent pages */
+
+			if (page & 0x01)  /* odd-numbered subpage */
+				pagebuf += PAGESIZE;
+		}
+	}
+
+	printf("\nDone\n");
+
+	close(devfd);
+	close(datafd);
+	free(blockbuf);
+	return 0;
+}
-- 
1.7.8.6